Holly Lisle has an outline of how to do a comprehensive one-pass edit (content-wise, at least) here. I don’t know that this would work for everyone, because I think editing, particularly self-editing, takes as much practice as writing does, and sometimes, it can take several rounds of this sort of a process to figure out what a book is. Still, I like a lot of the tips for writers, like analyzing scenes and characters for their importance and content, considering timing/space, and creating a plan for the edit.